Many business owners have a false sense of protection from liability of business debts and taxes based on general rule of law that the corporate or LLC form of organization shields persons from personal liability. However, this is not the case when it comes to paying employment payroll taxes. Employers are required to withhold federal income taxes and social security (FICA) taxes from their employee wages and are liable for payment of these taxes to the IRS. The employer does not have to segregate withheld funds from other funds available. However, these funds are considered to be held in trust and cannot be spent for any purpose other than remittance to the government.
Failure to Withhold and Pay Employment Payroll Taxes
To facilitate the collection of unpaid trust fund taxes, persons statutorily responsible for making sure the taxes are paid are held personally liable. The IRS will seek a 100% penalty against certain individuals considered to be “responsible parties” for the payment of trust fund unpaid withholding taxes. The penalty does not apply to the employer’s portion of FICA and to federal unemployment taxes.
Who Is A Responsible Party?
In many situations it is difficult, based solely on the tax code, to determine who is the responsible person. The ultimate determination of responsible persons is often decided by the courts, which have taken a broad view. Courts have repeatedly stated the penalty should be imposed on persons who have ultimate authority to decide the priority of bill payment and who willfully pay other creditors, rather than paying the payroll taxes. For a small business, this may include signers on the corporate bank account(s), any of the officers, directors, and shareholders or members of the company.
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